Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
type: channel
publisher: College of Engineering, University of Basrah
language: en
publication name: Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
issn: 1814-5892
items: Mobility Prediction Based on LSTM Multi-Layer Using GPS Phone Data
items: Design of Hand Gesture Classification System Based on High Density-Surface Electromyography Accompanied Force Myography
items: Performance of Sparse Code Multiple Access Communication System Based on Logarithmic Message Passing Algorithm and Low-Density Parity Check Code
items: Improvement of Extracted Photovoltaic Power Using Artificial Neural Networks MPPT with Enhanced Flyback Controller
items: Design and Implementation of a Climbing Robot Limb for Clinging to RoughWalls
items: A Novel Deep Learning Object Detection Based on PCA Features for Self Driving Cars
items: A Comprehensive Review for Aircraft Detection Techniques Utilizing Deep Learning
items: Optimal Power Flow withWind Turbine and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
items: Investigating the Impact of the Air Void Charges on the Surface Electric Field Distribution of the GIS Spacer
items: Design a Stable an Intelligent Controller for an Eight-legged Robot
items: W-GPSR Routing Based on Mobility Prediction for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET)
items: A New Static PV Array Reconfiguration for Increasing Maximum Power, Case Study: Al-Nahrain University
items: Investigation of InAlGaN/GaN HEMT Device with SiC Substrate and Cap Layer in Self Heating Resistance for Microwave Applications
items: FPGA-Based Implementation of a Basic Background Subtraction Algorithm for Real-Time Application
items: Modern Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Solving Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch
items: Utilizing Raspberry-Pi 3 to Implement Fuzzy Logic Controller Optimized by Genetic Algorithm
items: Efficient Implementation of Fixed-Point MAC and Multimode MAC Blocks Based on Vedic Mathematic
items: Optimizing Car License Plate Recognition Through Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm
items: Designing Face Detection Systems with Gray Wolf Optimization
items: Modelling, Simulation and Control of Fuel Cell System
items: Design and Implementation of the Marsh Climate Monitoring System Using the Internet of Things
items: Optimal Hybrid Fuzzy PID for Pitch Angle Controller in Horizontal AxisWind Turbines
items: Understanding the Influence Impact of Social Media on Drug Addiction: A Novel Sentiment Analysis Approach Using Multi-Level User Engagement Data
items: An Ensemble Transfer Learning Model for the Automatic Handwriting Recognition of Kurdish Letters
items: A LitzWire-Based Inductor Model for a DC-DC Converter-Fed Single-Phase Inverter
items: An Efficient Mechanism to Prevent the Phishing Attacks
items: New Fractional Order Chaotic System: Analysis, Synchronization, and it’s Application
items: Path Planning and Obstacles Avoidance in Dynamic Workspace Using Polygon Shape Tangents Algorithm
items: Design and Simulation of Butterfly-Shaped Filtenna with Dual Band Notch for Portable UWB Applications
items: Hybrid RRT-A*: An Improved Path Planning Method for an Autonomous Mobile Robots

Mobility Prediction Based on LSTM Multi-Layer Using GPS Phone Data
type: item
description: Precise Prediction of activity location is an essential element in numerous mobility applications and is especially necessary for the development of tailored sustainable transportation systems. Next-location prediction, which involves predicting a user’s future position based on their past movement patterns, has significant implications in various domains, including urban planning, geo-marketing, disease transmission, Performance wireless network, Recommender Systems, and many other areas. In recent years, various predictors have been suggested to tackle this issue, including state-of-the-art ones that utilize deep learning techniques. This study introduces a robust Model for predicting the future location path of a user based on their known previous locations. The study proposes the use of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) prediction scheme, which is well-suited for learning from sequential data; then a fully connected neuron is employed to decrease the sparsity of the data, resulting in accurate predictions for the path of the user’s next location. The suggested strategy demonstrates superior prediction accuracy compared to a state-of-the-art method, with improvements of up to a loss error of 0.002 based on real-life datasets (Geolife). The results demonstrate that the reliability of forecasts is excellent, indicating the accuracy of the predictions.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Next Location
  topic: keywords
subject: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Prediction.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Nabaa Mhalhal
creator: Suhad Behadili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 284
ending page: 292
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.25

Design of Hand Gesture Classification System Based on High Density-Surface Electromyography Accompanied Force Myography
type: item
description: A robust system that classifies various hand gestures would greatly help those using prosthetic limbs. Recently, emphasis has been placed on extracted features from the High Density - surface Electromyography (HD-sEMG) signals and the size of segmentation windows which augment the recognition accuracy. This paper proposes a hand gestures identification system, in which HD-sEMG signals are employed, and is supported by Force Myography (FMG) signals for this mission. Several feature types have been extracted from FMG and HD-sEMG signals such as MEAN, RMS, MAD, STD, and Variance, these features have been validated under some classifiers such as decision tree (DT), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine SVM, and k-nearest neighbor (KNN), in which results showing that MEAN and RMS features are superior to others, while the best classifier is SVM. Several experiments have been achieved by the MATLAB platform to validate the proposed system, in which, a database of HD-sEMG signals comprising 65 isometric hand gestures is employed, where two (8×8) electrodes and 9 force sensors are used to collect the FMG data. This data was derived from 20 intact participants, the first preprocessing step was applied during the recording stage. Ten gestures are chosen to be classified from the 65 hand gestures. Results show the success of the proposed system while the classification accuracy arrived at 99.1%.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Hand Gesture
  topic: keywords
subject: HD-sEMG
  topic: keywords
subject: FMG
  topic: keywords
subject: Features Extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Classifications.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Alya Darweesh
creator: Mofeed Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 265
ending page: 283
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.24

Performance of Sparse Code Multiple Access Communication System Based on Logarithmic Message Passing Algorithm and Low-Density Parity Check Code
type: item
description: The performance of Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) communication system with Logarithmic Message Passing Algorithm (log-MPA) decoder is introduced. To boost the performance, a Low-Density Parity-Check Code LDPC is used together with Belief Propagation (BP) decoder. LDPC is chosen due to its sparsity property that complements the sparsity nature of SCMA for maximum efficiency and minimum complexity. Three distinct SCMA configurations are used. These are: A (4 x 4 x 6), B (4 x 16 x 6), and C (5 x 4 x 10) where the (K x M x V) are numbers of resources, codewords and users respectively. The performance of these configuration is shown in various channel conditions, various LDPC code rates and various numbers of SCMA iterations (NSCMA), to find the local minimum value of log-MPA. Simulation results showed that the LDPC greatly boosted the performance in mentioned configurations: In A configuration, a gain of 13 dB was observed. Configuration B experienced a substantial improvement of 23.5 dB, while C achieved a gain of 20.5 dB. Notably, configuration B stood out with the highest gain, attributed to LDPC’s exceptional performance with high data rates, as the data transmitted in B was double that of A.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
  topic: keywords
subject: NOMA
  topic: keywords
subject: Sparse Code Multiple Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Logarithmic Message Passing Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Low-Density Parity Check Code.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mustafa Moafaq
creator: Maher Al-Azawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 251
ending page: 264
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.23

Improvement of Extracted Photovoltaic Power Using Artificial Neural Networks MPPT with Enhanced Flyback Controller
type: item
description: Due to the nonlinear electrical properties of PV generators, the width and performance of these frames could be enhanced by carrying them to operate at ultimate energy mark tracking. In this study, a versatile maximum power point tracking (MPPT) model using a modified Flyback controller with artificial neural network (ANN) technique as our proposed system. The hybrid Flyback/ANN controller is based on teaching and training a neural network, where the dataset is utilized to adjust the levitation converter which is taken care of by a stand-alone photovoltaic generator (PVG) with a Flyback controller. It is assumed that the results will be obtained by the ANN-MPPT system with the Flyback controller which provides low motions and shows a great implementation around the maximum power point compared to the PVG used with traditional MPPT algorithms such as Perturbation and Observation (P & O).
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
  topic: keywords
subject: PV Generators
  topic: keywords
subject: Photovoltaic Cells Generator (PVG)
  topic: keywords
subject: Flyback Controller
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Algorithm.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Afrah Abdul Kadhim
creator: Abdulhasan Abdulhasan
creator: Fatimah Jaber
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 237
ending page: 250
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.22

Design and Implementation of a Climbing Robot Limb for Clinging to RoughWalls
type: item
description: In recent years, the urgent need for robotics applications in various sensitive work areas and high buildings has led to a significant development in the design of robots intended for climbing rough surfaces. Where, attention became focused on the ideal clinging mechanism. In this paper, a gripper of the climbing robot has been designed to achieve clinging on rough walls. The objective of this design is to be lightweight with high performance of clinging, therefore, a robot gripper has been designed based on a model of a limb inspired by the hand and claws of a cat, in which the robot claws were implemented by fishing hooks. These hooks are arranged in an arc so that each hook can move independently on the wall’s surface to increase the force of clinging to the rough wall. SolidWorks platform has been used to design the clinging limb and implemented using a 3D printer. In addition, the proposed design has been validated by performing several simulations using the SolidWorks platform. Experimental work has conducted to test the proposed design, and the results proved the success of the design.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Climbing Robot
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinging Mechanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Gripper Device
  topic: keywords
subject: SolidWorks
  topic: keywords
subject: Rough Wall.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mohammed Jodah
creator: Mofeed Rashid
creator: Raed Batbooti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-10
publication date: 2025-02-10
starting page: 196
ending page: 205
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.19

A Novel Deep Learning Object Detection Based on PCA Features for Self Driving Cars
type: item
description: In recent years, self-driving cars and reducing the number of accident casualties have drawn a lot of attention. Although it is crucial to increase driver awareness on the road, autonomous vehicles can emulate human driving and guarantee improved levels of road safety. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are often employed for this purpose. However, deep learning, a subset of AI, is prone to numerous errors, a wide range of threats, and needs to handle vast amounts of data, which imposes high-performance hardware requirements. This study suggests a deep learning model for object recognition that employs characteristics to describe data rather than images. Our model employs the COCO dataset as the training foundation, and it was suggested that the features be retrieved using the principal component analysis PCA extraction method. The current results demonstrate the efficacy and precision of our model, with an accuracy of 99.96 %. Furthermore, the performance indices, i.e., recall, precision, and F1-score, achieved about 1 for most of the COCO classes in training phase and promising results in testing phase.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: COCO Dataset
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Self Driving Cars.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Namareq Odey
creator: Ali Marhoon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-08
publication date: 2025-02-08
starting page: 186
ending page: 195
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.18

A Comprehensive Review for Aircraft Detection Techniques Utilizing Deep Learning
type: item
description: Aircraft detection is a vital and significant field within object detection that has garnered considerable attention from academics, particularly following the advancement of deep learning methods. Aircraft detection has recently become widely utilized in several civil and military fields. This comprehensive survey meticulously categorizes and evaluates diverse deep learning methodologies in airplane detection research. Encompassing radar-based, image-based, and multimodal approaches, the paper presents a structured framework to enhance understanding of the evolving research landscape within this domain. The survey critically identifies gaps and discerns emerging trends, offering valuable insights into standard datasets of aircraft images, performance metrics, real-world applications, and challenges and limitations encountered by aircraft detection systems. Its potential contributions are underscored as pivotal for advancing the safety and security of air travel. This research paper is the inaugural publication of its kind in the domain of aircraft detection review papers, establishing itself as an all-encompassing reference for subsequent scholars.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Aircraft Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Two-stage Approach
  topic: keywords
subject: One-stage Approach.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marwa Hameed
creator: Zainab Khalaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 216
ending page: 236
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.21

Optimal Power Flow withWind Turbine and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
type: item
description: Increasing the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into power systems created challenges and difficulties in the management of power flow since RES have variable power production based on their sources, such as Wind Turbines (WT), which depend on the wind speed. This article used Optimal Power Flow (OPF) to reduce these difficulties and to explain how the OPF can manage the power flow over the system, taking different cases of WT power production based on the different wind speeds. It also used Fixable AC Transmission (FACT) devices such as Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC) to add features to the controllability of the power system. The OPF is a non-linear optimization problem. To solve this problem, the artificial intelligence optimization technique is used. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been used in the OPF problem in this article. The Objective Functions O.F. discussed here are losses (MW), Voltage Deviation VD (p.u.), and thermal generation fuel Cost ($/h). This article used the wind turbine bus magnitude voltage and the reactance of TCSC as a control variable in OPF. To test this approach, the IEEE 30 bus system is used.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Optimal Power Flow
  topic: keywords
subject: Wind Turbine
  topic: keywords
subject: Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator
  topic: keywords
subject: TCSC
  topic: keywords
subject: Particle Swarm Optimization.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Muqtada Fadhil
creator: Layth Al-Bahrani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-07
publication date: 2025-02-07
starting page: 160
ending page: 172
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.16

Investigating the Impact of the Air Void Charges on the Surface Electric Field Distribution of the GIS Spacer
type: item
description: One of the important components of the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) system are spacers. These insulators are not free from some manufacturing and operational defects that adversely affect their performance, and among these defects is the presence of air voids inside the solid insulator, which may be exposed to high electric fields that may lead to partial discharges within the voids. These partial discharges may cause the accumulation of charges on the surfaces of these insulators, increase the concentration of the electric field, and cause electric flashover across the interface surfaces between the SF6 gas and the solid insulator. With a 2D axisymmetric model based on finite element analysis (FEA) implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics software, this study investigates the impact of the charges that accumulated on the inner surfaces of the void on the electric field distribution of the spacer’s interior and exterior surfaces, as their effect is investigated when they are in different size and locations inside the insulator. This effect is more noticeable when the density of charges on the inner surface of the void increases to 1 (μC/m2) and the radius is 2 mm. When the void positioned 1 mm from both the inner and outer surfaces of the spacer, the electric field values are 14.55 and 9.4 MV/m, respectively. The impact site on the spacer surface is narrow within 3 mm and depends on the size of the void. The field enhancement factor may reach 2, and its value is higher on the outer surface than on the inner surface.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: GIS Spacer
  topic: keywords
subject: Electric Field Distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: Air Void
  topic: keywords
subject: Partial Discharge
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface Flashover.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmed Awad
creator: Dawood Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-07
publication date: 2025-02-07
starting page: 173
ending page: 185
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.17

Design a Stable an Intelligent Controller for an Eight-legged Robot
type: item
description: At recent days, the robot performs many tasks on behalf of humans or in support of humans. Among the most prominent benefits of robots for humans are removing the risk factor from humans, completing routine tasks for humans, saving a lot of time and effort, and mastering work. This paper presents a model of an eight-legged robot equipped with an intelligent controller that was simulated using MATLAB. The designed structure contains 24 controllers, three for each leg, to provide flexibility in movement and rotation. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller has been used in this work , each leg contains three PIDs. A particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) was used to adjust the parameters of the PID controller (Kp , Ki and Kd). The structure of eight legs robot with controller is implemented using Simscape Multibody in the MATLAB program, where the movement of the eight-legged robot is visualized and analyzed without the need for complex analysis associated with a mathematical model. The simulation results were conducted in a three-dimensional environment and were presented in two scenarios . The first was implementing and simulating the robot without using a controller, which leads to the robot falling at the starting point. The second was when a PID controllers are used with the system, where better movement was obtained. Finally, the robustness of the controller was verified by changing the load that the robot bears.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Eight-Legged Robot
  topic: keywords
subject: PID Controller
  topic: keywords
subject: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Fatima Khayoun
creator: Ammar Aldair
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-02-10
publication date: 2025-02-10
starting page: 206
ending page: 215
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.20

W-GPSR Routing Based on Mobility Prediction for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET)
type: item
description: In recent years, Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) innovation has been regarded as a significant research area. This is owing to the increasing popularity of vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications in the area of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to improve traffic management, safety, CO2 emission mitigation, and other applications. A variety of routing protocols for VANETs are being recently developed. More specifically, geographic-based routing algorithms such as Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) have provoked the most interest in VANETs due to their compatibility with a regularly changing network structure and the highly unsteady nature of automobile nodes. This paper proposes an efficient weight based mobility method in VANET to improve the mechanism of the GPSR protocol through optimizing the greedy forwarding strategy; which is so called O-Greedy Mode. Therefore, the key goal is to achieve the optimal data forwarding paths. The next hop is determined by estimating the neighbors’ mobility based on each neighbor’s Greedy Link Weight Factor (GLWF). The Weighted GPSR (W-GPSR) based on Mobility Prediction is then evaluated using OMNeT++ simulator with Inet, Veins and SUMO traffic simulator. The results demonstrate the efficiency of W-GPSR in contrast with the traditional existing protocols for essential metrics of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, End-to-End Delay (E2ED), Normalized Routing Load (NRL) and Packet Loss Ratio (PLR).
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ad-Hoc
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobility
  topic: keywords
subject: GPSR
  topic: keywords
subject: W-GPSR
  topic: keywords
subject: OMNeT++
  topic: keywords
subject: VANET
  topic: keywords
subject: Veins
  topic: keywords
subject: SUMO.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Raneen AL-Essa
creator: Ghaida Al-Suhail
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-21
publication date: 2025-01-21
starting page: 145
ending page: 159
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.15

A New Static PV Array Reconfiguration for Increasing Maximum Power, Case Study: Al-Nahrain University
type: item
description: Enhancing the generated power. Different conventional reconfiguration techniques can be used for this purpose like totalcross- tied (TCT), bridge-linked (BL), and series-parallel (SP) . . . etc. This article propose a new static reconfiguration technique named Row Odd Even reconfiguration (ROE) to increase the maximum power generated from PV array with the effect of partial shading condition. The proposed reconfiguration has been tested on a 3×22 PV array suggested to provide power to the department of electronic and communications engineering at Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. The results of the proposed reconfiguration are compared with the (SP, TCT, and Zig-zag) in terms of mismatch power losses (MPL), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) at the maximum generated power of PV array. In all cases, the performance of the new reconfiguration gave the best performance when compared with (SP, TCT, and Zig-zag). The new reconfiguration achieved an improvement in the maximum power point (MPP) and efficiency about 33%, 28% and 7% when compared with the (SP), (TCT) and (Zig-zag) reconfigurations respectively.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: PV Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Static Reconfiguration Techniques
  topic: keywords
subject: Partial Shading Condition
  topic: keywords
subject: Maximum Generated Power.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Anas Mahmood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-21
publication date: 2025-01-21
starting page: 136
ending page: 144
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.14

Investigation of InAlGaN/GaN HEMT Device with SiC Substrate and Cap Layer in Self Heating Resistance for Microwave Applications
type: item
description: The electrical and radio frequency (RF) characteristics of InAlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) device with cap layer are presented in this work. In this work, Silicon carbide was used as a substrate for its excellent thermal conductivity. Here, the thermal model was used to investigate the simulation of temperature distribution at 300k. Moreover, the DC and AC performance characteristics of the device were investigated using Silvaco Atlas Technology Computer Aided Design TCAD simulator. The results showed that, the maximum obtained drain current that was 1.35 A. In addition to, the RF parameters were extracted. The cut-off frequency ft is (73 GHz), the maximum oscillation frequency fmax is (353 GHz), maximum stable gain (Gms) and maximum available gain (Gma) with a value of about (116 dB). The obtained results showed that the InAlGaN/GaN HEMT device based on SiC performance is suitable for microwave applications.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: GaN HEMTs
  topic: keywords
subject: 2DEG
  topic: keywords
subject: Radio Frequency RF
  topic: keywords
subject: TCAD
  topic: keywords
subject: Silicon Carbide
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marwah Merza
creator: Khalid Mohamed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
starting page: 129
ending page: 135
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.13

FPGA-Based Implementation of a Basic Background Subtraction Algorithm for Real-Time Application
type: item
description: An intelligent video system’s basic function is the detection of moving objects. Moreover, real-time systems frequently pose limitations for applications involving video processing. Practically, to increase the frame rate or in the case of limited hardware resources, the real-time processing is done on an interested image segment called the region of interest (ROI). Applying the background subtraction (BGS) algorithm to this region is considered the main preprocessing operation. This paper presents a practical study for video processing based on FPGA to detect moving objects using the BGS technique. The proposed algorithm was developed using Verilog hardware description language (HDL), synthesized, and implemented in the programmable logic (PL) part of the ZYBO-7Z010CLG400-1 platform. Finite State Machine (FSM) controller method was used to design the Intellectual Property (IP) module that controls data transfer with BRAM (loading and reading) of the input and reference image. The simulation results of the timing signal sequences of the proposed IP module with the practical test of the BGS to detect several traffic signs of image size (90×90) pixels demonstrate that the module functions as intended. The system that is being presented has a latency of 13.468 nanoseconds, making it appropriate for real-time applications.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Background Subtraction
  topic: keywords
subject: BRAM
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite State Machine
  topic: keywords
subject: Real-time
  topic: keywords
subject: Timing Signals
  topic: keywords
subject: Verilog HDL.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marwan Al-Yoonus
creator: Dr. Saad Al-Kazzaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
starting page: 119
ending page: 128
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.12

Modern Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Solving Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch
type: item
description: The traditional economic dispatch (ED) inattention to the fossil fuels emission of thermal power plants no longer satisfies the environmental needs. As a result of the non-convex, non-smooth fuel cost functions in addition to the nonlinearity of the emission modelling. These make the combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) a highly nonlinear optimization problem. Furthermore, different operation process constraints should be taken into account, such as loss in electrical networks and power balance of unit operation. These constraints increase the difficulty of obtaining the global optimal solution based on traditional methods. Recently, meta-heuristic population-based algorithms have successfully become a beneficial technique for solving nonlinear optimization problems. The major contribution in this work is presenting a recent meta-heuristic approach known as Mayfly algorithm (MA) for solving nonlinear and complex CEED problem. The numerical results are compared with results obtained from modern meta-heuristic algorithms like Jellyfish Search (JS) optimizer, Dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO), Tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA), Red deer algorithm (RDA), Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO), Golden Eagle Optimizer (GEO) and Bald eagle search Optimization algorithm (BES). The standard IEEE 30-bus test system is used in this article. The simulation results are done using MATLAB environment. The results approve the reliability, stability, and consistency of the proposed approach. The proposed technique gives reliable, robust, and high-quality solution with faster computational time. Moreover, MA is more suitable for solving nonlinear CCED problem because it has a considerable convergence feature.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Economic Emission Dispatch
  topic: keywords
subject: Mayfly Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Meta-Heuristic.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Wisam Abed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-18
publication date: 2025-01-18
starting page: 76
ending page: 87
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.8

Utilizing Raspberry-Pi 3 to Implement Fuzzy Logic Controller Optimized by Genetic Algorithm
type: item
description: The development of Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) with low error rates and cost effectiveness has been the subject of numerous studies. This paper study goals to the investigation and then implementation an FLC using the readily accessible and reasonably priced Raspberry Pi technology. The FLC used in this work has two inputs, one output, and five Membership Functions (MFs) for each input and output. The FLC goes through two processes, tweaking the MF parameters and tuning input/ output Scaling Factors. The tuning technique makes use of the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The whole set of the FLC probabilities is taken into account as the tuned FLC controller, and then transformed into a lookup table. The Center of Gravity (COG) approach is used to determine the output for the tuned FLC controller. The resulting table is converted into values of digital binary using a specific type of encoder, and then extraction of the set of Boolean functions to apply this tuned circuit. Finally, the Python 3 programming language is used to define the resultant Boolean functions on the Raspberry Pi platform, and then a decoder extracted the appropriate control action from the output. The Benefit of this method is the use of a digital numbering system to define the FLC, which is implemented on Raspberry Pi technology and allows for fuzzified high processing speed output per second. The controller speed has not been unaffected by the quantity for these fuzzy rules.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Genetic Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Raspberry Pi
  topic: keywords
subject: Python
  topic: keywords
subject: Fuzzy Logic Controller.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Amal Nasser
creator: Hasan Kadhim
creator: Emad Hussien
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-19
publication date: 2025-01-19
starting page: 99
ending page: 107
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.10

Efficient Implementation of Fixed-Point MAC and Multimode MAC Blocks Based on Vedic Mathematic
type: item
description: Recently, the need for high speed multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations is crucial in numerous systems like 5G, deep learning, in addition to many digital signal processing (DSP) applications. This work offers an improved MAC (I-MAC) block of different bit-size based on Vedic Mathematic and employing a hybrid adder consists of an enhanced Brent-Kung with a carry-select adder (HBK-CSLA) to achieve the sum of products for the MAC. The work is then, developed to design a new multimode fixed-point (FX-Pt) MAC block by exploiting the proposed design of the I-MAC architecture. The proposed multimode MAC block supports three modes of operation; single 64-bit MAC operation, dual 32-bit multiplication with 32-bit single addition, and single 32-bit MAC operation. The design has utilized an adjusted architecture for the Vedic-multiplier (Adjusted-VM), a 64-bit HBK-CSLA, and a control circuit to select the desired mode of operation. The performance of the multi-mode MAC is then optimized by exploiting pipelining concept. The proposed architectures are synthesized in various FPGA families utilizing VHDL language in Xilinx ISE14.7 tool. The performance results have exposed that the proposed 64-bit I-MAC block have attained observable lessen 9.767% in delay and area usage of 47.49% compared with the most existing MAC block designs.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Improved Multiply Accumulator (I-MAC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Adjusted-Vedic Multiplier (Adjusted-VM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid Brent Kung Carry- Select Adder (EBK-CSLA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Multimode MAC
  topic: keywords
subject: FPGA.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Fatima Hussein
creator: Fatemah AL-Assfor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-19
publication date: 2025-01-19
starting page: 88
ending page: 98
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.9

Optimizing Car License Plate Recognition Through Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm
type: item
description: License plate recognition is an essential part of contemporary surveillance systems since it is helpful in many applications, including parking management, vehicle access control, traffic control, and law enforcement. This project aims to provide a robust and dependable method for detecting license plates that will outperform existing approaches in accuracy and dependability. This observation method uses contemporary technology to address challenging troubles related to license plate recognition. Our methodology is primarily based on the Faster R-CNN structure, an established model for picture item detection. The novel thing, even though, is how Gray Wolf Optimization—which draws notion from the searching conduct of gray wolves—is mixed with the Faster R-CNN network. The accuracy is greatly improved by this synergistic combination, which also improves detection abilities. Moreover, an improved ResNet-50 model is blanketed to improve the classification system similarly, ensuring accurate license plate detection in several situations. The extensively utilized ”car license plate detection” dataset is used to assess the recommended technology very well, confirming its efficacy in practical settings. The empirical outcomes show exceptional performance, with a median precision of 98.21%, demonstrating how nicely the hybrid method works to attain the very best stage of license plate detecting accuracy. This painting establishes a new benchmark in license plate identity using cutting-edge technology and innovative techniques, starting the door for enhanced safety and surveillance.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: License Plate
  topic: keywords
subject: Faster-RCNN
  topic: keywords
subject: GrayWolf Optimization Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Resnet-50
  topic: keywords
subject: Object Detection.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmed Aty
creator: Jamshid Mohasefi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-19
publication date: 2025-01-19
starting page: 108
ending page: 118
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.11

Designing Face Detection Systems with Gray Wolf Optimization
type: item
description: The main objective of this paper project was to create a state-of-the-art face identification technique that can handle the various difficulties caused by changes in illumination, occlusions, and facial emotions. Face detection is a cornerstone of computer vision, facilitating diverse applications ranging from surveillance systems to human-computer interaction. Throughout this paper, the comprehensive exploration of advancing face detection methodologies has been undertaken, culminating in developing and evaluating a novel approach. The challenges posed by variations in facial expressions, lighting conditions, and occlusions necessitated a multifaceted solution. Our proposed method, which consists of interconnected steps, works quite well to overcome these challenges. Using deep learning architectures to increase feature extraction and discrimination was beneficial in the initial stage of fine-tuning Residual Networks (ResNet-50) to serve as the Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) framework classifier. The process of gradually optimizing thresholds, such as batch size, learning rate, and detection threshold, involved using the Gray Wolf optimization technique (GWO). The conversion process was accelerated and improved overall detection process efficiency and accuracy using a clever fusion of machine learning and metaheuristic optimization techniques. A key component of our methodology is the careful data processing, which was necessary to ensure. The suggested method was carefully examined on a particular dataset, and the 94% training accuracy that was attained together with an identical test dataset accuracy highlights the method’s resilience. These findings support the effectiveness of our approach in reducing false positives and negatives, resulting in unmatched recall and precision in the detection system. The discovery has significant significance as it can potentially improve face detection systems’ performance and reliability in various re…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Face detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Faster-RCNN
  topic: keywords
subject: Gray wolf optimization algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: ResNet-50
  topic: keywords
subject: Object detection.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Noor Sabah Abbod
creator: Jamshid B. Mohasefi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 64
ending page: 75
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.7

Modelling, Simulation and Control of Fuel Cell System
type: item
description: The operational variables of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) such as cell temperature, hydrogen gas pressures, and oxygen gas pressures are highly effect on the power generation from the PEMFC. Therefore, the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) should be used to increase the efficiency of PEMFC at different operational variables. Unfortunately, the majority of conventional MPPT algorithms will cause PEMFC damage and power loss by producing steady-state oscillations. This paper focuses on enhancing the efficiency of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell through the utilization of advanced control methods: Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), GWO with a PID controller and perturbation and observation (P&O) techniques. The objective is to effectively manage power output by pinpointing the maximum power point and reducing stable oscillations. The study evaluates these methods in swiftly changing operational scenarios and compares their performances. The obtained results show that the GWO with a PID controller increase generation power.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Fuel Cell
  topic: keywords
subject: PEMFC
  topic: keywords
subject: FC Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mayyadah Salim
creator: Ammar Aldair
creator: Osama Al-Atbee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 20
ending page: 31
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.3

Design and Implementation of the Marsh Climate Monitoring System Using the Internet of Things
type: item
description: The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a major enabler for sustainable development and has begun to have an impact on society as a whole. Marshes are significant ecosystems for the environment that are essential to biodiversity support and ecological equilibrium. However, environmental changes and human activity are posing an increasing threat to these fragile ecosystems. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based marsh monitoring system was created and put into operation to gather data in real-time on a variety of environmental factors, such as wind speed, CO2 and hydrogen levels, temperature, humidity, voltage, and current. The system makes use of a network of sensors spread out throughout the marsh, which may promote sustainable development. send data to a central node for processing before sending it to a platform hosted in the cloud. After that, an interactive online application is used to visualize the data, giving stakeholders important information about the condition and health of the marsh. Because the suggested system makes it possible to monitor and manage marsh ecosystems effectively, it may promote sustainable development.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Cloud Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Environments
  topic: keywords
subject: IoT
  topic: keywords
subject: Marshes
  topic: keywords
subject: Monitoring Stations
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensor
  topic: keywords
subject: WSN
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Falah Jbarah
creator: Haider Al-Mashhadi
creator: Marjan Tahan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 10
ending page: 19
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.2

Optimal Hybrid Fuzzy PID for Pitch Angle Controller in Horizontal AxisWind Turbines
type: item
description: Wind turbine (WT) is now a major renewable energy resource used in the modern world. One of the most significant technologies that use the wind speed (WS) to generate electric power is the horizontal-axis wind turbine. In order to enhance the output power over the rated WS, the blade pitch angle (BPA) is controlled and adjusted in WT. This paper proposes and compares three different controllers of BPA for a 500-kw WT. A PID controller (PIDC), a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based on Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy inference systems (FIS), and a hybrid fuzzy-PID controller (HFPIDC) have been applied and compared. Furthermore, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) have been applied and compared in order to identify the optimal PID parameters (kp, ki, kd). The objective of GA and PSO is minimized the error signal in output power based on actual WS. The results for three different controllers show that the optimal hybrid FPIDC based on the Sugeno inference system with PSO produces the optimal results regard to reduce the error signal and stable output power under actual WS.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Fuzzy Logic
  topic: keywords
subject: PID
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid Fuzzy-PID
  topic: keywords
subject: Pitch Angle Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Particle Swarm Optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Algorithm.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Adnan Adnan
creator: Mohammed Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 32
ending page: 42
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.4

Understanding the Influence Impact of Social Media on Drug Addiction: A Novel Sentiment Analysis Approach Using Multi-Level User Engagement Data
type: item
description: Drug addiction remains one of the key problems, which troubles each nation nowadays. Though social and economic factors have been contributing to its escalation significantly, recently in recent years a marked rise with drug addiction has witnessed in Iraq. Governments and societies are therefore working hard to find ways of counteracting this trend. Notably, social media networks have become major conduits of the dissemination sensitization about the risks involved in substance abuse addiction as well as consequences that are faced by drug abusers users. On the other hand, there are no studies analyzing user’s sentiment regarding drug addiction on social media in Iraq. This paper offers a new approach to fill this gap by presenting an analytical framework for identifying such sentiments of people from posts published on different popular platforms including Facebook and Twitter. In order to achieve this, a new dataset was generated from one of the relevant Facebook pages and comprised three distinct levels of user engagement data. Our goal is to create a direct connection between the research objectives and practical applications which can benefit society. This study’s results contribute significantly to the understanding of sentimental movements regarding drug addiction and affect public perceptions on this significant problem. This study makes contributions to such fields are sentiment analysis, social media research and public health by revealing the complex interaction of social media itself, user’s feelings towards it or even drug addiction in Iraq. The new approach to analysis of multi-level user engagement data and offers an evidence based solution for dealing with the challenges presented by drug abuse in society. Using a neural network algorithm, the classification model developed has shown excellent performance with an accuracy rate of about 91%.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Drug Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Neural Network
  topic: keywords
subject: Sentiment Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Perception.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Anwar Alnawas
creator: Hasanein Alharbi,
creator: Mohammed Al-Jawad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 43
ending page: 53
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.5

An Ensemble Transfer Learning Model for the Automatic Handwriting Recognition of Kurdish Letters
type: item
description: Automatic handwriting recognition is a fundamental component of various applications in various fields. During the last three decades, it has become a challenging issue that has attracted much attention. Latin language handwriting recognition has been the primary focus of researchers. As for the Kurdish language, only a few researches have been conducted. This study uses a Kurdish character dataset, which contains 40,940 characters written by 390 native writers. We present an ensemble transfer learning-based model for automatically recognizing handwritten Kurdish letters using Densenet-201, InceptionV3, Xception, and an ensemble of these pre-trained models. The model’s performance and results obtained by the proposed ensemble model are promising, with a 97% accuracy rate, outperforming other studies on Kurdish character recognition.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Transfer Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Handwriting Recognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Ensemble Learning.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Abdalbasit Qadir
creator: Peshraw Abdalla
creator: Mazen Ghareb
creator: Dana Abd
creator: Karwan HamaKarim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-18
publication date: 2025-01-18
starting page: 54
ending page: 63
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.6

A LitzWire-Based Inductor Model for a DC-DC Converter-Fed Single-Phase Inverter
type: item
description: Inductors play a major role in the power electronics domain, particularly in DC-DC converter design. The objective of this paper is to reach inductance value by means of fewer turns, using Litz wire wound on a ferrite core. In the manufacture of inductors, the key aspects of the design criteria include the choice of the core material, the type of copper coil and insulation materials, and their overall size. Taking into consideration the design parameters with no compromises on performance, Litz wire with the least turns is introduced into an inductor in certain DC-DC converters. Once the DC settled voltage is reached, it is given to a single-phase inverter for loading and application measures. This approach provides a small-level inductor design for maximized efficiency with improved thermal behavior. The hardware model for the proposed method has been developed using a DC-DC converter fed with a single-phase inverter model. The proposed DC-DC converter has been tested, performance-wise, by applying different load levels. It is observed, from the results, that the Litz wire-based approach achieves maximum efficiency with improved thermal behavior.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: DC-DC Converter
  topic: keywords
subject: Ferrite Core
  topic: keywords
subject: LitzWire
  topic: keywords
subject: Single-Phase Inverter
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermal Behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: S. Ramesh
creator: K. Karunanithi
creator: G. Thirumurugan
creator: S. P. Raja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.21.2.1

An Efficient Mechanism to Prevent the Phishing Attacks
type: item
description: In the era of modern trends such as cloud computing, social media applications, emails, mobile applications, and URLs that lead to increased risks for defrauding authorized users, and then the attackers try to gain illegal access to accounts of users through a malicious attack. The phishing attack is one of the dangerous attacks caused to access of authorized account illegally way. The finances, business, banking, and other sensitive in states are faces by this type of attacks due to the important information they have. In this paper, we propose a secure verification scheme that can overcome the above-mentioned issues. Additionally, the proposed scheme can resist famous cyberattacks such as impersonate attacks, MITM attacks. Moreover, the proposed scheme has security features like strong verification, forward secrecy, user’s identity anomaly. The security analysis and the experimental results proved the strongest of the proposed scheme compared with other related works. Finally, our proposed scheme balanced between the performance and the security merits.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Phishing Attack
  topic: keywords
subject: Scyther
  topic: keywords
subject: Schnorr Digital Signature
  topic: keywords
subject: HMAC
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyber-Attacks
  topic: keywords
subject: Informal Security Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mustafa H. Alzuwaini
creator: Ali A. Yassin
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-19
publication date: 2021-05-19
starting page: 125
ending page: 135
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.15

New Fractional Order Chaotic System: Analysis, Synchronization, and it’s Application
type: item
description: In this paper, a new nonlinear dynamic system, new three-dimensional fractional order complex chaotic system, is presented. This new system can display hidden chaotic attractors or self-excited chaotic attractors. The Dynamic behaviors of this system have been considered analytically and numerically. Different means including the equilibria, chaotic attractor phase portraits, the Lyapunov exponent, and the bifurcation diagrams are investigated to show the chaos behavior in this new system. Also, a synchronization technique between two identical new systems has been developed in master- slave configuration. The two identical systems are synchronized quickly. Furthermore, the master-slave synchronization is applied in secure communication scheme based on chaotic masking technique. In the application, it is noted that the message is encrypted and transmitted with high security in the transmitter side, in the other hand the original message has been discovered with high accuracy in the receiver side. The corresponding numerical simulation results proved the efficacy and practicability of the developed synchronization technique and its application
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Attractor
  topic: keywords
subject: Chaotic
  topic: keywords
subject: Fractional order
  topic: keywords
subject: Synchronization
  topic: keywords
subject: System
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Zain-Aldeen S. A. Rahman
creator: Basil Hani Jasim
creator: Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-10
publication date: 2021-05-10
starting page: 116
ending page: 124
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.14

Path Planning and Obstacles Avoidance in Dynamic Workspace Using Polygon Shape Tangents Algorithm
type: item
description: This paper presents the design of a path planning system in an environment that contains a set of static and dynamic polygon obstacles localized randomly. In this paper, an algorithm so-called (Polygon shape tangents algorithm) is proposed to move a mobile robot from a source point to a destination point with no collision with surrounding obstacles using the visibility binary tree algorithm. The methodology of this algorithm is based on predicting the steps of a robot trajectory from the source to the destination point. The polygon shapes tangent algorithm is compared with the virtual circles' tangents algorithm for different numbers of static and dynamic polygon obstacles for the time of arrival and the length of the path to the target. The obtained result shows that the used algorithm has better performance than the other algorithms and gets less time of arrival and shortest path with free collision.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Mobile robot
  topic: keywords
subject: Path planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Polygon obstacle
  topic: keywords
subject: Obstacle avoidance
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Duaa Ahmed Ramadhan
creator: Auday Al-Mayyahi
creator: Mofeed Turky Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-20
publication date: 2021-05-20
starting page: 136
ending page: 145
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.16

Design and Simulation of Butterfly-Shaped Filtenna with Dual Band Notch for Portable UWB Applications
type: item
description: A compact and low cost butterfly shaped UWB filtenna with a pair of parasitic elements and a pair of slits is proposed in this work. The filtenna is supposed to be designed on a common and low-cost FR4 substrate with overall dimensions of 26mm*20mm*1.6mm .By inserting a pair of g /2( where g is waveguide wavelength ) D-shaped parasitic elements around the antenna feed line, the radiation of the 5 GHz WLAN applications is canceled to eliminated the interference . Furthermore, the rejection of the X-band satellite downlink is achieved by engraving a pair of g /4 J-shaped slits on the ground plane. The simulation results exhibits the perfect coverage of the proposed filtenna for the UWB frequency band as well as the elimination of the undesired radiation within the filtenna operating band.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Band-notch
  topic: keywords
subject: Filtenna
  topic: keywords
subject: (UWB) Filtenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Fatimah K. Juma'a
creator: Falih M. Alnahwi
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-05
publication date: 2021-05-05
starting page: 100
ending page: 106
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.12

Hybrid RRT-A*: An Improved Path Planning Method for an Autonomous Mobile Robots
type: item
description: Although the Basic RRT algorithm is considered a traditional search method, it has been widely used in the field of robot path planning (manipulator and mobile robot), especially in the past decade. This algorithm has many features that give it superiority over other methods. On the other hand, the Basic RRT suffers from a bad convergence rate (it takes a long time until finding the goal point), especially in environments with cluttered obstacles, or whose targets are located in narrow passages. Many studies have discussed this problem in recent years. This paper introduces an improved method called (Hybrid RRT-A*) to overcome the shortcomings of the original RRT, specifically slow convergence and cost rate. The heuristic function of A-star algorithm is combined with RRT to decrease tree expansion and guide it towards the goal with less nodes and time. Various experiments have been conducted with different environment scenarios to compare the proposed method with the Basic RRT and A-star under the same conditions, which have shown remarkable performance. The time consumed to find the path of the worst one of these scenarios is about 4.9 seconds, whereas it is 18.3 and 34 for A-star and RRT, respectively.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Path planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Autonomous mobile robot
  topic: keywords
subject: Configuration space
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Convergence rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Grid-map
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Suhaib Al-Ansarry
creator: Salah Al-Darraji
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-09
publication date: 2021-05-09
starting page: 107
ending page: 115
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.13