Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
type: channel
publisher: College of Engineering, University of Basrah
language: en
publication name: Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
issn: 1814-5892
items: Path Planning and Obstacles Avoidance in Dynamic Workspace Using Polygon Shape Tangents Algorithm
items: An Efficient Mechanism to Prevent the Phishing Attacks
items: New Fractional Order Chaotic System: Analysis, Synchronization, and it’s Application
items: A Light Weight Multi-Objective Task Offloading Optimization for Vehicular Fog Computing
items: Design and Simulation of Butterfly-Shaped Filtenna with Dual Band Notch for Portable UWB Applications
items: Hybrid RRT-A*: An Improved Path Planning Method for an Autonomous Mobile Robots
items: Local and Global Outlier Detection Algorithms in Unsupervised Approach: A Review
items: Increasing WSN Lifetime using Clustering and Fault Tolerance Methods
items: Second-Order Statistical Methods GLCM for Authentication Systems
items: Non-conventional Cascade Multilevel Inverter with Lower Number of Switches by Using Multilevel PWM
items: Modeling and Control of Torsional Vibration in Rotating System Using Dual Loop Controllers
items: Smart Navigation with Static Polygons and Dynamic Robots
items: Encoding JSON by using Base64
items: Modeling and Simulation of Five-Phase Synchronous Reluctance Motor Fed by Five-Phase Inverter
items: No Mobile Phobia Phenomenon _ A Review
items: Stochastic Local Search Algorithms for Feature Selection: A Review
items: Efficient Path Planning in Medical Environments: Integrating Genetic Algorithm and Probabilistic Roadmap (GA-PRM) for Autonomous Robotics
items: Ultra-Wide Band Printed Microstrip Patch Antenna with Two Band Rejection Feature Asmaa H. Majeed College of Information Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq Correspondence
items: A Hybrid Lung Cancer Model for Diagnosis and Stage Classification from Computed Tomography Images
items: Lyapunov Function Control Strategy for a Three-Phase Grid-Tied LCL Filtered Quasi Z-Source Inverter (qZSI)
items: Understanding Power Gating Mechanism Based on Workload Classification of Modern Heterogeneous Many-Core Mobile Platform in the Dark Silicon Era
items: Comparative Long-Term Electricity Forecasting Analysis: A Case Study of Load Dispatch Centres in India
items: The Effect of Quantum Dots on the Performance of the Solar Cell
items: A New Algorithm Based on Pitting Corrosion for Engineering Design Optimization Problems
items: Design Efficient Vedic-Multiplier for Floating-Point MAC Module
items: Design of Optimal STSMC Method Based on FPGA to Track the Trajectory of 2-DOF Robot Manipulator
items: Analysis of Permanent Magnet Material Influence on Eddy Current Braking Efficiency
items: An Experimental Investigation on VSI-fed Induction Motor using Xilinx ZYNQ-7000 SoC Controller
items: Medical Communication Systems Utilizing Optical Nanoantenna and Microstrip Technology
items: Epileptic detection based on deep learning: A review

Path Planning and Obstacles Avoidance in Dynamic Workspace Using Polygon Shape Tangents Algorithm
type: item
description: This paper presents the design of a path planning system in an environment that contains a set of static and dynamic polygon obstacles localized randomly. In this paper, an algorithm so-called (Polygon shape tangents algorithm) is proposed to move a mobile robot from a source point to a destination point with no collision with surrounding obstacles using the visibility binary tree algorithm. The methodology of this algorithm is based on predicting the steps of a robot trajectory from the source to the destination point. The polygon shapes tangent algorithm is compared with the virtual circles' tangents algorithm for different numbers of static and dynamic polygon obstacles for the time of arrival and the length of the path to the target. The obtained result shows that the used algorithm has better performance than the other algorithms and gets less time of arrival and shortest path with free collision.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Mobile robot
  topic: keywords
subject: Path planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Polygon obstacle
  topic: keywords
subject: Obstacle avoidance
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Duaa Ahmed Ramadhan
creator: Auday Al-Mayyahi
creator: Mofeed Turky Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-20
publication date: 2021-05-20
starting page: 136
ending page: 145
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.16

An Efficient Mechanism to Prevent the Phishing Attacks
type: item
description: In the era of modern trends such as cloud computing, social media applications, emails, mobile applications, and URLs that lead to increased risks for defrauding authorized users, and then the attackers try to gain illegal access to accounts of users through a malicious attack. The phishing attack is one of the dangerous attacks caused to access of authorized account illegally way. The finances, business, banking, and other sensitive in states are faces by this type of attacks due to the important information they have. In this paper, we propose a secure verification scheme that can overcome the above-mentioned issues. Additionally, the proposed scheme can resist famous cyberattacks such as impersonate attacks, MITM attacks. Moreover, the proposed scheme has security features like strong verification, forward secrecy, user’s identity anomaly. The security analysis and the experimental results proved the strongest of the proposed scheme compared with other related works. Finally, our proposed scheme balanced between the performance and the security merits.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Phishing Attack
  topic: keywords
subject: Scyther
  topic: keywords
subject: Schnorr Digital Signature
  topic: keywords
subject: HMAC
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyber-Attacks
  topic: keywords
subject: Informal Security Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mustafa H. Alzuwaini
creator: Ali A. Yassin
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-19
publication date: 2021-05-19
starting page: 125
ending page: 135
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.15

New Fractional Order Chaotic System: Analysis, Synchronization, and it’s Application
type: item
description: In this paper, a new nonlinear dynamic system, new three-dimensional fractional order complex chaotic system, is presented. This new system can display hidden chaotic attractors or self-excited chaotic attractors. The Dynamic behaviors of this system have been considered analytically and numerically. Different means including the equilibria, chaotic attractor phase portraits, the Lyapunov exponent, and the bifurcation diagrams are investigated to show the chaos behavior in this new system. Also, a synchronization technique between two identical new systems has been developed in master- slave configuration. The two identical systems are synchronized quickly. Furthermore, the master-slave synchronization is applied in secure communication scheme based on chaotic masking technique. In the application, it is noted that the message is encrypted and transmitted with high security in the transmitter side, in the other hand the original message has been discovered with high accuracy in the receiver side. The corresponding numerical simulation results proved the efficacy and practicability of the developed synchronization technique and its application
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Attractor
  topic: keywords
subject: Chaotic
  topic: keywords
subject: Fractional order
  topic: keywords
subject: Synchronization
  topic: keywords
subject: System
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Zain-Aldeen S. A. Rahman
creator: Basil Hani Jasim
creator: Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-10
publication date: 2021-05-10
starting page: 116
ending page: 124
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.14

A Light Weight Multi-Objective Task Offloading Optimization for Vehicular Fog Computing
type: item
description: Most Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications are delay-sensitive and require resources for data storage and tasks processing, which is very difficult to afford by vehicles. Such tasks are often offloaded to more powerful entities, like cloud and fog servers. Fog computing is decentralized infrastructure located between data source and cloud, supplies several benefits that make it a non-frivolous extension of the cloud. The high volume data which is generated by vehicles’ sensors and also the limited computation capabilities of vehicles have imposed several challenges on VANETs systems. Therefore, VANETs is integrated with fog computing to form a paradigm namely Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) which provide low-latency services to mobile vehicles. Several studies have tackled the task offloading problem in the VFC field. However, recent studies have not carefully addressed the transmission path to the destination node and did not consider the energy consumption of vehicles. This paper aims to optimize the task offloading process in the VFC system in terms of latency and energy objectives under deadline constraint by adopting a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA). Road Side Units (RSUs) x-Vehicles Mutli- Objective Computation offloading method (RxV-MOC) is proposed, where an elite of vehicles are utilized as fog nodes for tasks execution and all vehicles in the system are utilized for tasks transmission. The well-known Dijkstra's algorithm is adopted to find the minimum path between each two nodes. The simulation results show that the RxV-MOC has reduced significantly the energy consumption and latency for the VFC system in comparison with First-Fit algorithm, Best-Fit algorithm, and the MOC method.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Cloud Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Fog Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet of Vehicle
  topic: keywords
subject: Intelligent Transportation System
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sura Khairy Abdullah
creator: Adnan Jumaa Jabir
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-03-28
publication date: 2021-03-28
starting page: 66
ending page: 75
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.8

Design and Simulation of Butterfly-Shaped Filtenna with Dual Band Notch for Portable UWB Applications
type: item
description: A compact and low cost butterfly shaped UWB filtenna with a pair of parasitic elements and a pair of slits is proposed in this work. The filtenna is supposed to be designed on a common and low-cost FR4 substrate with overall dimensions of 26mm*20mm*1.6mm .By inserting a pair of g /2( where g is waveguide wavelength ) D-shaped parasitic elements around the antenna feed line, the radiation of the 5 GHz WLAN applications is canceled to eliminated the interference . Furthermore, the rejection of the X-band satellite downlink is achieved by engraving a pair of g /4 J-shaped slits on the ground plane. The simulation results exhibits the perfect coverage of the proposed filtenna for the UWB frequency band as well as the elimination of the undesired radiation within the filtenna operating band.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Band-notch
  topic: keywords
subject: Filtenna
  topic: keywords
subject: (UWB) Filtenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Fatimah K. Juma'a
creator: Falih M. Alnahwi
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-05
publication date: 2021-05-05
starting page: 100
ending page: 106
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.12

Hybrid RRT-A*: An Improved Path Planning Method for an Autonomous Mobile Robots
type: item
description: Although the Basic RRT algorithm is considered a traditional search method, it has been widely used in the field of robot path planning (manipulator and mobile robot), especially in the past decade. This algorithm has many features that give it superiority over other methods. On the other hand, the Basic RRT suffers from a bad convergence rate (it takes a long time until finding the goal point), especially in environments with cluttered obstacles, or whose targets are located in narrow passages. Many studies have discussed this problem in recent years. This paper introduces an improved method called (Hybrid RRT-A*) to overcome the shortcomings of the original RRT, specifically slow convergence and cost rate. The heuristic function of A-star algorithm is combined with RRT to decrease tree expansion and guide it towards the goal with less nodes and time. Various experiments have been conducted with different environment scenarios to compare the proposed method with the Basic RRT and A-star under the same conditions, which have shown remarkable performance. The time consumed to find the path of the worst one of these scenarios is about 4.9 seconds, whereas it is 18.3 and 34 for A-star and RRT, respectively.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Path planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Autonomous mobile robot
  topic: keywords
subject: Configuration space
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Convergence rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Grid-map
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Suhaib Al-Ansarry
creator: Salah Al-Darraji
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-05-09
publication date: 2021-05-09
starting page: 107
ending page: 115
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.13

Local and Global Outlier Detection Algorithms in Unsupervised Approach: A Review
type: item
description: The problem of outlier detection is one of the most important issues in the field of analysis due to its applicability in several famous problem domains, including intrusion detection, security, banks, fraud detection, and discovery of criminal activities in electronic commerce. Anomaly detection comprises two main approaches: supervised and unsupervised approach. The supervised approach requires pre-defined information, which is defined as the type of outliers, and is difficult to be defined in some applications. Meanwhile, the second approach determines the outliers without human interaction. A review of the unsupervised approach, which shows the main advantages and the limitations considering the studies performed in the supervised approach, is introduced in this paper. This study indicated that the unsupervised approach suffers from determining local and global outlier objects simultaneously as the main problem related to algorithm parameterization. Moreover, most algorithms do not rank or identify the degree of being an outlier or normal objects and required different parameter settings by the research. Examples of such parameters are the radius of neighborhood, number of neighbors within the radius, and number of clusters. A comprehensive and structured overview of a large set of interesting outlier algorithms, which emphasized the outlier detection limitation in the unsupervised approach, can be used as a guideline for researchers who are interested in this field.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Anomaly detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Clustering
  topic: keywords
subject: Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Outlier algorithms
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ayad Mohammed Jabbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-03-31
publication date: 2021-03-31
starting page: 76
ending page: 87
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.9

Increasing WSN Lifetime using Clustering and Fault Tolerance Methods
type: item
description: Energy consumption problems in wireless sensor networks are an essential aspect of our days where advances have been made in the sizes of sensors and batteries, which are almost very small to be placed in the patient's body for remote monitoring. These sensors have inadequate resources, such as battery power that is difficult to replace or recharge. Therefore, researchers should be concerned with the area of saving and controlling the quantities of energy consumption by these sensors efficiently to keep it as long as possible and increase its lifetime. In this paper energy-efficient and fault-tolerance strategy is proposed by adopting the fault tolerance technique by using the self-checking process and sleep scheduling mechanism for avoiding the faults that may cause an increase in power consumption as well as energy-efficient at the whole network. this is done by improving the LEACH protocol by adding these proposed strategies to it. Simulation results show that the recommended method has higher efficiency than the LEACH protocol in power consumption also can prolong the network lifetime. In addition, it can detect and recover potential errors that consume high energy.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Fault-Tolerance
  topic: keywords
subject: LEACH
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep-Scheduling Mechanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-checking process
  topic: keywords
subject: WSN
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sama Hussam Sabah
creator: Muayad Sadik Croock
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-04-28
publication date: 2021-04-28
starting page: 94
ending page: 99
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.11

Second-Order Statistical Methods GLCM for Authentication Systems
type: item
description: For many uses, biometric systems have gained considerable attention. Iris identification was One of the most powerful sophisticated biometrical techniques for effective and confident authentication. The current iris identification system offers accurate and reliable results based on near-infrared light (NIR) images when images are taken in a restricted area with fixed- distance user cooperation. However, for the color eye images obtained under visible wavelength (VW) without collaboration among the users, the efficiency of iris recognition degrades because of noise such as eye blurring images, eye lashing, occlusion, and reflection. This work aims to use the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) to retrieve the iris's characteristics in both NIR iris images and visible spectrum. GLCM is second-order Statistical-Based Methods for Texture Analysis. The GLCM- based extraction technology was applied after the preprocessing method to extract the pure iris region's characteristics. The Energy, Entropy, Correlation, Homogeneity, and Contrast collection of second-order statistical features are determined from the generated co-occurrence matrix, Stored as a vector for numerical features. This approach is used and evaluated on the CASIA v1and ITTD v1 databases as NIR iris image and UBIRIS v1 as a color image. The results showed a high accuracy rate (99.2 %) on CASIA v1, (99.4) on ITTD v1, and (87%) on UBIRIS v1 evaluated by comparing to the other methods.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Biometrics system
  topic: keywords
subject: Feature extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: GLCM
  topic: keywords
subject: Iris recognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mohammed A. Taha
creator: Hanaa M. Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-04-21
publication date: 2021-04-21
starting page: 88
ending page: 93
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.10

Non-conventional Cascade Multilevel Inverter with Lower Number of Switches by Using Multilevel PWM
type: item
description: The multilevel inverter is attracting the specialist in medium and high voltage applications, among its types, the cascade H bridge Multi-Level Inverter (MLI), commonly used for high power and high voltage applications. The main advantage of the conventional cascade (MLI) is generated a large number of output voltage levels but it demands a large number of components that produce complexity in the control circuit, and high cost. Along these lines, this paper presents a brief about the non-conventional cascade multilevel topologies that can produce a high number of output voltage levels with the least components. The non-conventional cascade (MLI) in this paper was built to reduce the number of switches, simplify the circuit configuration, uncomplicated control, and minimize the system cost. Besides, it reduces THD and increases efficiency. Two topologies of non-conventional cascade MLI three phase, the Nine level and Seventeen level are presented. The PWM technique is used to control the switches. The simulation results show a better performance for both topologies. THD, the power loss and the efficiency of the two topologies are calculated and drawn to the different values of the Modulation index (ma).
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: multilevel inverter
  topic: keywords
subject: non-conventional Cascade inverters
  topic: keywords
subject: HPWM
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Adala O. Abdali
creator: Ali K. Abdulabbas
creator: Habeeb J. Nekad
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-03-01
publication date: 2021-03-01
starting page: 16
ending page: 28
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.3

Modeling and Control of Torsional Vibration in Rotating System Using Dual Loop Controllers
type: item
description: A torsional rotating system is considered for the investigation of passive vibration control using dual loop controllers Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) with derivative (D) gain and Proportional – Derivative (PD) with Integral (I) controllers. The controllers are used as low pass filters. Simulation of the models using Matlab-Simulink have been built in this work for torsional vibration control. A comparison between the two controllers with uncontrolled system have been carried out. Results show that the PD – I control is the best method which gives better stability response than the PID – D control.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Dual Loop
  topic: keywords
subject: PID
  topic: keywords
subject: Rotating System
  topic: keywords
subject: Torsional Vibration
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mustafa Mohammed Matrood
creator: Ameen Ahmed Nassar
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-02-14
publication date: 2021-02-14
starting page: 11
ending page: 15
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.2

Smart Navigation with Static Polygons and Dynamic Robots
type: item
description: Due to the last increase in data and information technology, the need to use robots in many life areas is increased. There is a great diversity in this field, depending on the type of task required, as the robot enters the parcels of air, land, and water. In this paper, a robot's mission designed to move things is concentrated, relying on line-tracing technology that makes it easy to track its path safely, the RFID is distributed in its approach. When the robot reads the RFID tag, it stops until it raises the load from above, the robot continues its path toward the target. When an obstacle obstructs the robot path, the robot deviates and returns after a while to its previous approach. All this technology is implemented using a new algorithm which is programmed using the visual basic program. The robot designed to transfer the stored material is used according to a site known as an identifier that is identified by the RFID value, where the robot is programmed through a microcontroller and a unique store program that determines the current location and the desired location, then is given the task for the robot to do it as required. The robot is controlled using an ATmega controller to control other parts connected to the electronic circuit, the particular infrared sensor, and ultrasound to avoid potential obstacles within the robot's path to reach the target safely. In addition to this, the robot is made up of an RFID sensor to give unique to each desired target site. Through the console, it is possible to know the link indicated by the target. The H-bridge is also used to obtain a particular command and guide the robot as needed to move freely in all directions and a DC motor which is unique for moving wheels at the desired speed, and Bluetooth for programmable and secure wireless transmission and reception with all these parts through a unique program that also uses application inventory. The robot has proven to be a great success in performing the required task thr…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Robot Auto Movement
  topic: keywords
subject: Navigation System
  topic: keywords
subject: Line-Tracing Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: RFID
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Israa S. Al-Furati
creator: Osama T. Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-03-07
publication date: 2021-03-07
starting page: 38
ending page: 46
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.5

Encoding JSON by using Base64
type: item
description: Transmitting binary data across a network should generally avoid transmitting raw binary data over the medium for several reasons, one would be that the medium may be a textual one and may not accept or correctly handle raw bitstream, another would be that some protocols may misinterpret the meaning of the bits and causes a problem or even loss of the data. To make the data more readable and would avoid misinterpretation by different systems and environments, this paper introduces encoding two of the most broadly used data interchange formats, XML and JSON, into the Base64 which is an encoding scheme that converts binary data to an ASCII string format by using a radix-64 representation. This process, will, make the data more readable and would avoid misinterpretation by different systems and environments. The results reflect that encoding data in Base64 before the transmission will present many advantages including readability and integrity, it will also enable us to transmit binary data over textual mediums, 7 Bit protocols such as SMTP, and different network hardware without risking misinterpretation.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: JSON
  topic: keywords
subject: Base64
  topic: keywords
subject: Encoding
  topic: keywords
subject: Binary
  topic: keywords
subject: XML
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mohammed Thakir Shaamood
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-03-03
publication date: 2021-03-03
starting page: 29
ending page: 37
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.4

Modeling and Simulation of Five-Phase Synchronous Reluctance Motor Fed by Five-Phase Inverter
type: item
description: Five-phase machine employment in electric drive system is expanding rapidly in many applications due to several advantages that they present when compared with their three-phase complements. Synchronous reluctance machines(SynRM) are considered as a proposed alternative to permanent magnet machine in the automotive industry because the volatilities in the permanent magnet price, and a proposed alternative for induction motor because they have no field excitation windings in the rotor, SyRM rely on high reluctance torque thus no needing for magnetic material in the structure of rotor. This paper presents dynamic simulation of five phase synchronous reluctance motor fed by five phase voltage source inverter based on mathematical modeling. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is used to generate the pulses for inverter. The theory of reference frame has been used to transform five-phase SynRM voltage equations for simplicity and in order to eliminate the angular dependency of the inductances. The torque in terms of phase currents is then attained using the known magnetic co-energy method, then the results obtained are typical.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Five phase synchronous reluctance motor
  topic: keywords
subject: Reluctance torque
  topic: keywords
subject: PWM inverter and variable-speed drives
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Namariq Abdulameer Ameen
creator: Ali Kadhim Abdulabbas
creator: Habeeb Jaber Nekad
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-03-13
publication date: 2021-03-13
starting page: 58
ending page: 65
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.7

No Mobile Phobia Phenomenon _ A Review
type: item
description: The No Mobile Phone Phobia or Nomophobia notion is referred to the psychological condition once humans have a fear of being disconnected from mobile phone connectivity. Hence, it is considered as a recent age phobia that emerged nowadays as a consequence of high engagement between people, mobile data, and communication inventions, especially the smart phones. This review is based on earlier observations and current debate such as commonly used techniques that modeling and analyzing this phenomenon like statistical studies. All that in order to possess preferable comprehension concerning human reactions to the speedy technological ubiquitous. Accordingly, humans ought to restrict their utilization of mobile phones instead of prohibiting it, due to the fact that they could not evade the power of technological progression. In that matter, future perspectives would be employing data mining techniques to explore deep knowledge, which represents correlated relationship between the human and the mobile phone.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Nomophobia
  topic: keywords
subject: smartphone addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: ubiquitous
  topic: keywords
subject: anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: NMP-Q
  topic: keywords
subject: data mining
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Suhad Faisal Behadili
creator: Hadeel Jabar
creator: Walaa Sami Tahlok
creator: Safa Ahmed Abdulsahib
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-03-08
publication date: 2021-03-08
starting page: 47
ending page: 57
doi: 10.37917/jeee.17.1.6

Stochastic Local Search Algorithms for Feature Selection: A Review
type: item
description: In today’s world, the data generated by many applications are increasing drastically, and finding an optimal subset of features from the data has become a crucial task. The main objective of this review is to analyze and comprehend different stochastic local search algorithms to find an optimal feature subset. Simulated annealing, tabu search, genetic programming, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, artificial bee colony, grey wolf optimization, and bat algorithm, which have been used in feature selection, are discussed. This review also highlights the filter and wrapper approaches for feature selection. Furthermore, this review highlights the main components of stochastic local search algorithms, categorizes these algorithms in accordance with the type, and discusses the promising research directions for such algorithms in future research of feature selection.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Feature selection
  topic: keywords
subject: Stochastic Local Search
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Data mining
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Hayder Naser Khraibet Al-Behadili
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2021-02-02
publication date: 2021-02-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.17.1.1

Efficient Path Planning in Medical Environments: Integrating Genetic Algorithm and Probabilistic Roadmap (GA-PRM) for Autonomous Robotics
type: item
description: Path-planning is a crucial part of robotics, helping robots move through challenging places all by themselves. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach to robot path-planning, a crucial aspect of robotics. This technique combines the power of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Probabilistic Roadmap (PRM) to enhance efficiency and reliability. Our method takes into account challenges caused by moving obstacles, making it skilled at navigating complex environments. Through merging GA’s exploration abilities with PRM’s global planning strengths, our GA-PRM algorithm improves computational efficiency and finds optimal paths. To validate our approach, we conducted rigorous evaluations against well-known algorithms including A*, RRT, Genetic Algorithm, and PRM in simulated environments. The results were remarkable, with our GA-PRM algorithm outperforming existing methods, achieving an average path length of 25.6235 units and an average computational time of 0.6881 seconds, demonstrating its speed and effectiveness. Additionally, the paths generated were notably smoother, with an average value of 0.3133. These findings highlight the potential of the GA-PRM algorithm in real-world applications, especially in crucial sectors like healthcare, where efficient path-planning is essential. This research contributes significantly to the field of path-planning and offers valuable insights for the future design of autonomous robotic systems.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Genetic Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Robotics
  topic: keywords
subject: Path-planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Probabilistic Roadmaps
  topic: keywords
subject: Robot Navigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Static and Dynamic Obstacles
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sarah Sabeeh
creator: Israa S. Al-Furati
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-08-12
publication date: 2024-08-12
starting page: 243
ending page: 258
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.21

Ultra-Wide Band Printed Microstrip Patch Antenna with Two Band Rejection Feature Asmaa H. Majeed College of Information Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq Correspondence
type: item
description: This work presents a new design idea for a UWB printed micro strip patch antenna with two band-rejection features. The patch has an elliptical shape and its feeding using micro strip feeding line. To achieve the UWB, an elliptical slot was etched on a ground plane. The rejection of two-band is achieved with the addition of two different slots on the radiating patch, the first slot is inverted U shaped slot and the other is U-shaped slot, so there is no need for antenna’s additional size. The radiation pattern of the suggested antenna has an omnidirectional shape for the frequency band from 3.168 GHz to over 15 GHz. There is a two rejection bands, the first one covering 4.87−5.79 GHz with a center frequency of 5.42 GHz, and the other covering 7.2−8.45 GHz with a center frequency of 7.8 GHz. The chosen substrate for the current work is FR-4 having permittivity of 4.3 and thickness of 1.43 mm and the suggested antenna has a small size of 24.5×24.5mm2. The Experimental results of the manufactured antenna showed agreement with those results of the simulated one.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: UWB
  topic: keywords
subject: Single Rejection Band
  topic: keywords
subject: Two Rejection Bands
  topic: keywords
subject: Patch Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Asmaa H. Majeed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-08-12
publication date: 2024-08-12
starting page: 259
ending page: 265
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.22

A Hybrid Lung Cancer Model for Diagnosis and Stage Classification from Computed Tomography Images
type: item
description: Detecting pulmonary cancers at early stages is difficult but crucial for patient survival. Therefore, it is essential to develop an intelligent, autonomous, and accurate lung cancer detection system that shows great reliability compared to previous systems and research. In this study, we have developed an innovative lung cancer detection system known as the Hybrid Lung Cancer Stage Classifier and Diagnosis Model (Hybrid-LCSCDM). This system simplifies the complex task of diagnosing lung cancer by categorizing patients into three classes: normal, benign, and malignant, by analyzing computed tomography (CT) scans using a two-part approach: First, feature extraction is conducted using a pre-trained model called VGG-16 for detecting key features in lung CT scans indicative of cancer. Second, these features are then classified using a machine learning technique called XGBoost, which sorts the scans into three categories. A dataset, IQ-OTH/NCCD - Lung Cancer, is used to train and evaluate the proposed model to show its effectiveness. The dataset consists of the three aforementioned classes containing 1190 images. Our suggested strategy achieved an overall accuracy of 98.54%, while the classification precision among the three classes was 98.63%. Considering the accuracy, recall, and precision as well as the F1-score evaluation metrics, the results indicated that when using solely computed tomography scans, the proposed (Hybrid-LCSCDM) model outperforms all previously published models.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Lung Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: CT Scan
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Detection Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Abdalbasit Mohammed Qadir
creator: Peshraw Ahmed Abdalla
creator: Dana Faiq Abd
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-08-12
publication date: 2024-08-12
starting page: 266
ending page: 274
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.23

Lyapunov Function Control Strategy for a Three-Phase Grid-Tied LCL Filtered Quasi Z-Source Inverter (qZSI)
type: item
description: The presented research introduces a control strategy for a three-phase grid-tied LCL-filtered quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) using a Lyapunov-function-based method and cascaded proportional-resonant (PR) controllers. The suggested control strategy ensures the overall stability of the closed-loop system and eliminates any steady-state inaccuracy in the grid current. The inverter current and capacitor voltage reference values of qZSI are created by the utilization of cascaded coupled proportional-resonant (PR) controllers. By utilizing synchronous reference frame and Lyapunov function- based control, the requirement to perform derivative operations and anticipate inductance and capacitance are avoided, resulting in achieving the goal of zero steady-state error in the grid current. The qZSI can accomplish shoot-through control by utilizing a simple boost control method. Computer simulations demonstrate that the suggested control strategy effectively achieves the desired control objectives, both in terms of steady-state and dynamic performance.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Grid Tied LCL Filter
  topic: keywords
subject: Lyapunov Function-based Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoot-through Modulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Proportional Resonant Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi Z-source Inverter
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ali Kadhim Abdulabbas
creator: Shafaa Mahdi Salih
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-11-01
publication date: 2024-11-01
starting page: 284
ending page: 297
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.25

Understanding Power Gating Mechanism Based on Workload Classification of Modern Heterogeneous Many-Core Mobile Platform in the Dark Silicon Era
type: item
description: The rapid progress in mobile computing necessitates energy efficient solutions to support substantially diverse and complex workloads. Heterogeneous many core platforms are progressively being adopted in contemporary embedded implementations for high performance at low power cost estimations. These implementations experience diverse workloads that offer drastic opportunities to improve energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel per core power gating (PCPG) approach based on workload classifications (WLC) for drastic energy cost minimization in the dark silicon era. Core of our paradigm is to use an integrated sleep mode management based on workloads classification indicated by the performance counters. A number of real applications benchmark (PARSEC) are adopted as a practical example of diverse workloads, including memory- and CPU-intensive ones. In this paper, these applications are exercised on Samsung Exynos 5422 heterogeneous many core system showing up to 37% to 110% energy efficient when compared with our most recent published work, and ondemand governor, respectively. Furthermore, we illustrate low-complexity and low-cost runtime per core power gating algorithm that consistently maximize IPS/Watt at all state space.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Dark Silicon
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy-efficient
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-core Mobile System
  topic: keywords
subject: Per Core Power Gating
  topic: keywords
subject: Workload Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Haider Alrudainy
creator: Ali K. Marzook
creator: Muaad Hussein
creator: Rishad Shafik
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-10-18
publication date: 2024-10-18
starting page: 275
ending page: 283
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.24

Comparative Long-Term Electricity Forecasting Analysis: A Case Study of Load Dispatch Centres in India
type: item
description: Accurate long-term load forecasting (LTLF) is crucial for smart grid operations, but existing CNN-based methods face challenges in extracting essential featuresfrom electricity load data, resulting in diminished forecasting performance. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel ensemble model that integratesa feature extraction module, densely connected residual block (DCRB), longshort-term memory layer (LSTM), and ensemble thinking. The feature extraction module captures the randomness and trends in climate data, enhancing the accuracy of load data analysis. Leveraging the DCRB, our model demonstrates superior performance by extracting features from multi-scale input data, surpassing conventional CNN-based models. We evaluate our model using hourly load data from Odisha and day-wise data from Delhi, and the experimental results exhibit low root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.952 and 0.864 for Odisha and Delhi, respectively. This research contributes to a comparative long-term electricity forecasting analysis, showcasing the efficiency of our proposed model in power system management. Moreover, the model holds the potential to sup-port decisionmaking processes, making it a valuable tool for stakeholders in the electricity sector.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Long-term load forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: Ensemble model
  topic: keywords
subject: Feature extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-scale input
  topic: keywords
subject: Densely connected residual block
  topic: keywords
subject: Bidirectional long short-termmemory
  topic: keywords
subject: smart grid
  topic: keywords
subject: power system management
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Saikat Gochhait
creator: Deepak K. Sharma
creator: Mrinal Bachute
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-07-27
publication date: 2024-07-27
starting page: 207
ending page: 219
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.17

The Effect of Quantum Dots on the Performance of the Solar Cell
type: item
description: Quantum dot solar cells are currently the subject of research in the fields of renewable energy, photovoltaics and optoelectronics, due to their advantages which enables them to overcome the limitations of traditional solar cells. The inability of ordinary solar cells to generate charge carriers, which is prevents them from contributing to generate the current in solar cells. This work focuses on modeling and simulating of Quantum Dot Solar Cells based on InAs/GaAs as well as regular type of GaAs p-i-n solar cells and to study the effect of increasing quantum dots layers at the performance of the solar cell. The low energy of the fell photons considers as one of the most difficult problems that must deal with. According to simulation data, the power conversion efficiency increases from (12.515% to 30.94%), current density rises from 16.4047 mA/cm2 for standard solar cell to 39.4775 mA/cm2) using quantum dot techniques (20-layers) compared to traditional type of GaAs solar cell. Additionally, low energy photons’ absorption range edge expanded from (400 to 900 nm) for quantum technique. The results have been modeled and simulated using (SILVACO Software), which proved the power conversion efficiency of InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells is significantly higher than traditional (p-i-n) type about (247%).
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Solar Cells
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantum Dots
  topic: keywords
subject: Intermediate Band
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-exciting Generation
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Iman Mohsen Ahmed
creator: Omar Ibrahim Alsaif
creator: Qais Th. Algwari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-08-04
publication date: 2024-08-04
starting page: 236
ending page: 242
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.20

A New Algorithm Based on Pitting Corrosion for Engineering Design Optimization Problems
type: item
description: This paper presents a new optimization algorithm called corrosion diffusion optimization algorithm (CDOA). The proposed algorithm is based on the diffusion behavior of the pitting corrosion on the metal surface. CDOA utilizes the oxidation and reduction electrochemical reductions as well as the mathematical model of Gibbs free energy in its searching for the optimal solution of a certain problem. Unlike other algorithms, CDOA has the advantage of dispensing any parameter that need to be set for improving the convergence toward the optimal solution. The superiority of the proposed algorithm over the others is highlighted by applying them on some unimodal and multimodal benchmark functions. The results show that CDOA has better performance than the other algorithms in solving the unimodal equations regardless the dimension of the variable. On the other hand, CDOA provides the best multimodal optimization solution for dimensions less than or equal to (5, 10, 15, up to 20) but it fails in solving this type of equations for variable dimensions larger than 20. Moreover, the algorithm is also applied on two engineering application problems, namely the PID controller and the cantilever beam to accentuate its high performance in solving the engineering problems. The proposed algorithm results in minimized values for the settling time, rise time, and overshoot for the PID controller. Where the rise time, settling time, and maximum overshoot are reduced in the second order system to 0.0099, 0.0175 and 0.005 sec., in the fourth order system to 0.0129, 0.0129 and 0 sec, in the fifth order system to 0.2339, 0.7756 and 0, in the fourth system which contains time delays to 1.5683, 2.7102 and 1.80 E-4 sec., and in the simple mass-damper system to 0.403, 0.628 and 0 sec., respectively. In addition, it provides the best fitness function for the cantilever beam problem compared with some other well-known algorithms.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Corrosion Diffusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Pitting Corrosion
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Level
  topic: keywords
subject: Benchmark Function
  topic: keywords
subject: PID Controller
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Hussien A. Al-mtory
creator: Falih M. Alnahwi
creator: Ramzy S. Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-07-27
publication date: 2024-07-27
starting page: 190
ending page: 206
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.16

Design Efficient Vedic-Multiplier for Floating-Point MAC Module
type: item
description: Multiplication-accumulation (MAC) operation plays a crucial role in digital signal processing (DSP) applications, such as image convolution and filters, especially when performed on floating-point numbers to achieve high-level of accuracy. The performance of MAC module highly relies upon the performance of the multiplier utilized. This work offers a distinctive and efficient floating-point Vedic multiplier (VM) called adjusted-VM (AVM) to be utilized in MAC module to meet modern DSP demands. The proposed AVM is based on Urdhva-Tiryakbhyam-Sutra (UT-Sutra) approach and utilizes an enhanced design for the Brent-Kung carry-select adder (EBK-CSLA) to generate the final product. A (6*6)-bit AVM is designed first, then, it is extended to design (12*12)-bit AVM which in turns, utilized to design (24*24)-bit AVM. Moreover, the pipelining concept is used to optimize the speed of the offered (24*24)-bit AVM design. The proposed (24*24)-bit AVM can be used to achieve efficient multiplication for mantissa part in binary single-precision (BSP) floating-point MAC module. The proposed AVM architectures are modeled in VHDL, simulated, and synthesized by Xilinx-ISE14.7 tool using several FPGA families. The implementation results demonstrated a noticeable reduction in delay and area occupation by 33.16% and 42.42%, respectively compared with the most recent existing unpipelined design, and a reduction in delay of 44.78% compared with the existing pipelined design.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Multiplier-Accumulator (MAC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Enhanced Brent-Kung Carry-Select Adder (EBK-CSLA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Adjusted Vedic multiplier (AVM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Carry Save Adder (CSA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Fatima Tariq Hussein
creator: Fatemah K. AL-Assfor
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-07-14
publication date: 2024-07-14
starting page: 182
ending page: 189
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.15

Design of Optimal STSMC Method Based on FPGA to Track the Trajectory of 2-DOF Robot Manipulator
type: item
description: This article emphasizes on a strategy to design a Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control (STSMC) method. The proposed controller depends on the device of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for controlling the trajectory of robot manipulator. The gains of the suggested controller are optimized using Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in MATLAB toolbox software and Simulink environment. Since the control systems speed has an influence on their stability requirements and performance, (FPGA) device is taken in consideration. The proposed control method based on FPGA is implemented using Xilinx block sets in the Simulink. Integrated Software Environment (ISE 14.7) and System Generator are employed to create the file of Bitstream which can be downloaded in the device of FPGA. The results show that the designed controller based of on the FPGA by using System Generator is completely verified the effectiveness of controlling the path tracking of the manipulator and high speed. Simulation results explain that the percentage improvement in the Means Square Error (MSEs) of using the STSMC based FPGA and tuned via Chaotic PSO when compared with the same proposed controller tuned with classical PSO are 17.32 % and 13.98 % for two different cases of trajectories respectively.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: DOF Robot Manipulator
  topic: keywords
subject: Lyapunov Theorem
  topic: keywords
subject: FPGA
  topic: keywords
subject: STSMC
  topic: keywords
subject: Chaotic PSO
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Atheel K. Abdul Zahra
creator: Wasan A. Wali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-08-02
publication date: 2024-08-02
starting page: 226
ending page: 235
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.19

Analysis of Permanent Magnet Material Influence on Eddy Current Braking Efficiency
type: item
description: Traditional friction brakes can generate problems such as high braking temperature and pressure, cracking, and wear, leading to braking failure and user damage. Eddy current brake systems (contactless magnetic brakes) are one method used in motion applications. They are wear-free, less temperature-sensitive, quick, easy, and less susceptible to wheel lock, resulting in less brake failure due to the absence of physical contact between the magnet and disc. Important factors that can affect the performance of the braking system are the type of materials manufactured for the permanent magnets. This paper examines the performance of the permanent magnetic eddy current braking (PMECB) system. Different kinds of permanent magnets are proposed in this system to create eddy currents, which provide braking for the braking system is simulated using FEA software to demonstrate the efficiency of braking in terms of force production, energy dissipation, and overall performance findings demonstrated that permanent magnets consisting of neodymium, iron, and boron consistently provided the maximum braking effectiveness. The lowest efficiency is found in ferrite, which has the second-lowest efficiency behind samarium cobalt. This is because ferrite has a weaker magnetic field. Because of this, the PMECBS based on NdFeB magnets has higher power dissipation values, particularly at higher speeds.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Eddy current Barking
  topic: keywords
subject: Magnetic flux density
  topic: keywords
subject: Braking efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Permanent Magnetic
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmed M. Salman
creator: Jamal A.-K. Mohammed
creator: Farag M. Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-07-27
publication date: 2024-07-27
starting page: 220
ending page: 225
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.18

An Experimental Investigation on VSI-fed Induction Motor using Xilinx ZYNQ-7000 SoC Controller
type: item
description: In medium voltage and high-power drive applications, pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are widely used to achieve effective speed control of AC motors. In real-time, an industrial drive system requires reduced hardware complexity and low computation time. The reliability of the AC drive can be improved with the FPGA (field programmable gate array) hardware equipped with digital controllers. To improve the performance of AC drives, a new FPGA-based Wavect real-time prototype controller (Xilinx ZYNQ-7000 SoC) is used to verify the effectiveness of the controller. These advanced controllers are capable of reducing computation time and enhancing the drive performance in real- time applications. The comparative performance analysis is carried out for the most commonly used voltage source inverter (VSI)-based PWM techniques such as sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for three-phase, two-level inverters. The comparative study shows the SVPWM technique utilizes DC bus voltage more effectively and produces less harmonic distortion in terms of higher output voltage, flexible control of output frequency, and reduced harmonic distortion at output voltage for motor control applications. The simulation and hardware results are verified and validated by using MATLAB/Simulink software and FPGA-based Wavect real-time controller respectively.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Field programmable gate array
  topic: keywords
subject: Motor control
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulse width modulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Voltage source inverter.
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Santosh Yadav Maddu
creator: Nitin Ramesh Bhasme
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 104
ending page: 114
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.9

Medical Communication Systems Utilizing Optical Nanoantenna and Microstrip Technology
type: item
description: Many technical approaches were implemented in the antenna manufacturing process to maintain the desired miniaturiza- tion of the size of the antenna model which can be employed in various applied systems such as medical communication systems. Furthermore, over the past several years, nanotechnology science has rapidly grown in a wide variety of applications, which has given rise to novel ideas in the design of antennas based on nanoscale merits, leading to the use of antennae as an essential linkage between the human body and the different apparatus of the medical communication system. Some medical applications dealt with different antenna configurations, such as microstrip patch antenna or optical nanoantenna in conjugate with sensing elements, controlling units, and monitoring instruments to maintain a specified healthcare system. This study summarizes and presents a brief review of the recent applications of antennas in different medical communication systems involving highlights, and drawbacks with explores recommended issues related to using antennas in medical treatment.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Microstrip patch antennas
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: Optical Nanoantennas
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Munaf Fathi Badr
creator: Ibrahim A. Murdas
creator: Ahmed Aldhahab
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 137
ending page: 153
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.12

Epileptic detection based on deep learning: A review
type: item
description: Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures, necessitates early and precise detection for effective management. Deep learning techniques have emerged as powerful tools for analyzing complex medical data, specifically electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, advancing epileptic detection. This review comprehensively presents cutting-edge methodologies in deep learning-based epileptic detection systems. Beginning with an overview of epilepsy’s fundamental concepts and their implications for individuals and healthcare are present. This review then delves into deep learning principles and their application in processing EEG signals. Diverse research papers to know the architectures—convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and hybrid models—are investigated, emphasizing their strengths and limitations in detecting epilepsy. Preprocessing techniques for improving EEG data quality and reliability, such as noise reduction, artifact removal, and feature extraction, are discussed. Present performance evaluation metrics in epileptic detection, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve, are provided. This review anticipates future directions by highlighting challenges such as dataset size and diversity, model interpretability, and integration with clinical decision support systems. Finally, this review demonstrates how deep learning can improve the precision, efficiency, and accessibility of early epileptic diagnosis. This advancement allows for more timely interventions and personalized treatment plans, potentially revolutionizing epilepsy management.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Epileptic seizures
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Electroencephalogram
  topic: keywords
subject: Convolution Neural Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ola M. Assim
creator: Ahlam F. Mahmood
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering
date: 2024-06-19
publication date: 2024-06-19
starting page: 115
ending page: 126
doi: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.10